How current and future urban patterns respond to urban planning? An integrated cellular automata modeling approach

While many publications predict future urban scenarios, few have deliberated the impact of issued urban planning on scenario prediction. We propose a planning-constrained model (named PCGA-CA) that integrates cellular automata (CA) and genetic algorithm (GA) to simulate current and future urban patterns under the spatial constraints of urban planning. The planning regulations include three types: fully allowed area (FAA), partially allowed area (PAA), and strictly prohibited area (SPA), where we propose a planning implementation parameter (PIP) to represent the stringency in PAA. Under different PIPs, we apply the PCGA-CA model to simulate the 2015 urban patterns and predict the 2030 and 2045 scenarios for Ningbo city, China. The results show that the regulations substantially affect the simulation accuracy and urban pattern. As the planning regulations become less stringent, the accuracy decreases from 90.3% to 89.4% and the urban pattern becomes less compact. In particular, the urban pattern is the most compact when the regulations are not imposed. The PCGA-CA predicts the quantity and location of illegal urban development, and identifies spatially varying urban growth across planning regulations. For the same year, the urban patterns with different PIPs illustrate substantial differences in landscape metrics. The simulations of the current urban pattern should help urban planners and local authorities assess past implementations of urban planning, while the scenario predictions can offer a view of the future by evaluating the consequences of different planning regulations.     

预应力锚索锚固力监测点经济高效布设方法研究

预应力锚索锚固力监测点合理布设是提高边坡稳定性监测可靠性的重要手段，在确保边坡稳定安全的同时，可最大程度上节省工程监测成本。现阶段预应力锚索锚固力监测点布设方案设计多依赖工程经验，具有很强的盲目性并且监测成本较大，尤其对于大型高陡边坡，由于挖方量和边坡加固工程量巨大，如何实现高陡边坡预应力锚索锚固力监测点经济高效布设，保证边坡安全高效监测是目前亟需解决的问题。以广东省江门市迎宾西路某高边坡为研究背景，通过研究锚索的群锚效应和锚索失效后的影响范围，确定了监测点之间的合理布设间距。构建了边坡三维模型，通过数值计算，模拟高边坡开挖全过程，由数值计算结果分析边坡开挖过程中变形失稳的潜在危险区域，进行监测点选择型布设。通过上述方法，实现了该段高陡路堑边坡预应力锚索锚固力监测点的经济高效布设。研究表明：基于群锚效应与三维数值模拟方法，提出的预应力锚索合理布设间距与开挖过程中潜在危险区域重点监测相结合的综合布设优化方案，可合理利用材料和空间、大幅节省监测成本，实现边坡的经济、高效监测。研究成果为高陡路堑边坡稳定性监测点合理布设提供了一种新的思路。     

Modeling surface water-groundwater interaction in arid and semi-arid regions with intensive agriculture

In semi-arid and arid areas with intensive agriculture, surface water-groundwater (SW-GW) interaction and agricultural water use are two critical and closely interrelated hydrological processes. However, the impact of agricultural water use on the hydrologic cycle has been rarely explored by integrated SW-GW modeling, especially in large basins. This study coupled the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which is able to simulate highly engineered flow systems, with the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model (GSFLOW). The new model was applied to study the hydrologic cycle of the Zhangye Basin, northwest China, a typical arid to semi-arid area with significant irrigation. After the successful calibration, the model produced a holistic view of the hydrological cycle impact by the agricultural water use, and generated insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of the SW-GW interaction in the study area. Different water resources management scenarios were also evaluated via the modeling. The results showed that if the irrigation demand continuous to increase, the current management strategy would lead to acceleration of the groundwater depletion, and therefore introduce ecological problems to this basin. Overall, this study demonstrated the applicability of the new model and its value to the water resources management in arid and semi-arid areas.     

Characterisation of coarse composite sphalerite particles with respect to flotation

The flotation response of a typical zinc-lead (Zn/Pb) ore, with respect to coarse composite (sulphide/non-sulphide) particles is reported. The flotation tests were carried out on a selected feed particle size range (−600 + 75 μm, at P₈₀ of 390 μm) and the recovery of Zn composite particles analysed on a size by size basis. The best results were achieved with the use of 75 g/t sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX), obtaining a Zn recovery of 77%, with a significant improvement at the coarse end of the particle size distribution. Computerised scanning electron microscope (QEMSCAN) was used to characterise value mineral grain size and degree of liberation, as well as gangue and sphalerite association in particles reporting to both concentrate and tailings. A new characterisation function (Locking ratio, LR) was developed based on the data from the automated mineralogical analysis to characterise particles into two-phase composites with different degree of locking texture (simple and complex). The function, which is based on the mode of occurrence of sphalerite, grain size, proportion and composition of the constituent minerals in each particle, was used to study the flotation response of the particles with different degrees of locking. The results highlight the difference in recoverability of the sphalerite bearing particles with different degrees of locking, with simple locking texture giving higher recovery than complex locking texture, for the same overall liberation.     

Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of novel 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hex-2-en-1-one oxime flotation collector to malachite

A novel collector 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hex-2-en-1-one oxime (HPHO) was synthesized from 2-hydroxy acetophenone and butyraldehyde. Its flotation performance and adsorption mechanism to malachite were investigated by flotation test, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis techniques. Compared with benzohydroxamic acid (BA), 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one oxime (HPEO) and sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), HPHO exhibited excellent collecting power to malachite without additional reagents, such as Na₂S regulator and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) frother. Results of zeta potential indicated that HPHO was coated on malachite surfaces through a chemisorption process. FTIR and XPS data gave clear evidence for the formation of Cu–oxime complex on malachite surfaces after HPHO adsorption through the linkage between C=C, –OH, N–OH group and Cu species.     

深部持续采动诱发断层活化滑移的灰色预测研究

深部持续采动诱发的断层活化滑移过程具有灰色系统的特征。基于某铜矿深部开采诱发断层活化滑移的现场实测数据,构建了GM(1,1)灰色预测模型。通过断层预测滑移量与实测滑移量对比分析,模型具有较高的精度。运用所构建的断层活化滑移灰色预测模型,对未来四期断层滑移量进行了预测,F2断层滑移量增速较快,与现场实际情况吻合。研究成果对于深部复杂采动影响下断层活化滑移量的预测具有重要的意义。     

离子液体在萃取分离中的应用现状与发展趋势

近几年,离子液体作为一种新型理想的“绿色溶剂”已广泛应用于湿法冶金行业。本文主要阐述了离子液体的发展、种类以及性质,并对离子液体作为萃取溶剂萃取分离碱金属、碱土金属、重金属以及过渡金属离子进行了评述。归纳发现：在咪唑类离子液体中加入螯合剂,可以提高萃取率,而且含有醇硫官能团的咪唑类离子液体对许多金属离子的萃取分离都有明显的效果；离子液体萃取与电沉积相结合可以成功分离出碱金属和碱土金属；还有一些功能化离子液体用在工业废水和公共污水中萃取重金属离子的效率颇高；离子液体萃取过渡金属离子的能力比较薄弱需要加入其他萃取剂加以增强。本文对离子液体萃取分离的应用现状指出了问题,展望了其未来的发展方向。     

地质统计学在北衙金矿的应用

简述了地质统计学的由来及使用原理,建立了北衙金矿万硐山矿段地质数据库,模拟了金元素变异函数,建立了矿段的三维模型和品位模型,用克立格法估算了储量,并进行了地质解译,探讨了基于该模型之上的实际应用。     

基于GIS的房地产估价系统的研究

随着房地产行业的不断发展,房地产估价业务量日趋增多,估价标的覆盖范围更加广泛,估价的难度、复杂度也越来越大。从房地产估价作业的特点出发,深入研究了在地理信息系统(G IS)支持下的房地产估价系统的构建,并重点探讨了通过VB6.0 M apX5.0 SQL Server 2000实现系统设计的方法。这种系统可高效率、高质量地整合估价信息资源,为房地产估价提供全新的估价技术和手段。     

北衙金矿数字化、商业化快速经济评价

采用Delphi编程语言和access数据库研发了矿产资源快速评价软件。首先进行矿床三维建模，在数字矿床基础上，对建设项目可行性评价进行了研究，内容涵盖了项目财务静态、动态评价;国民经济评价;不确定性分析，对类似矿山具有一定的示范意义。